Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Netherlands immigration. Always verify current rules at ind.nl.
What is the Highly Skilled Migrant visa?+
The HSM is the Netherlands’ main skilled worker permit. Your employer must be an IND-recognised sponsor. You must earn the minimum salary threshold (around €4,171/month for under-30s and €5,752+ for 30 and over in 2026). Processing is typically 2 weeks once the employer submits.
What is DAFT and who can use it?+
The Dutch American Friendship Treaty (DAFT) is a self-employment visa exclusively for US citizens. You need only €4,500 deposited in a Dutch business account. You register with the Chamber of Commerce and apply for a 2-year renewable residence permit. It is one of the easiest routes into the EU for Americans.
Do I qualify for the 30% tax ruling in the Netherlands?+
The 30% ruling allows 30% of salary to be tax-free for eligible expats. You must be recruited from abroad, earn above the threshold (around €46,000 taxable in 2025), and have specific expertise scarce in the Dutch labour market. The benefit currently lasts up to 5 years.
Can I work in the Netherlands on a startup visa?+
Yes. The Startup Visa is a 1-year residence permit for entrepreneurs launching an innovative business in the Netherlands. You must partner with a facilitator (an approved incubator or accelerator) who supports your application. After the first year, you can switch to a self-employed permit.
How long until permanent residence in the Netherlands?+
You can apply for a Dutch permanent residence permit after 5 years of legal continuous residence. You must also pass the civic integration exam (A2 Dutch language) and have stable income. EU long-term residence is also available after 5 years.